![\"\"](\"https:\/\/dkhaber.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/stephen-hawking-1004.jpg\")
<\/p>\nD\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kozmologlar\u0131ndan biri kabul edilen ve ALS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle t\u00fcm ileti\u015fim yetilerini kaybetmesine ra\u011fmen bilgisayar deste\u011fiyle bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren Stefhan Hawking, 76 ya\u015f\u0131nda hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n
\u0130ngiltere’nin Oxford kentinde 8 Ocak 1942 do\u011fumlu olan ve 1964’te hen\u00fcz 22 ya\u015f\u0131ndayken sadece birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6mr\u00fc kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 s\u00f6ylenen Hawking, t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da “mucize adam” olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n
Modern d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en parlak ve \u00fcnl\u00fc bilim adamlar\u0131ndan biri kabul edilen Hawking, “kara delikler” ve “izafiyet teorisi” \u00fczerine \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131yla tan\u0131n\u0131yordu. ALS nedeniyle tamamen tekerlekli sandalyeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelen ve konu\u015famayan Hawking, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini kendisi i\u00e7in \u00f6zel olarak tasarlanan bir bilgisayar arac\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131yla ifade ediyordu.<\/p>\n
Pop\u00fcler k\u00fclt\u00fcre yak\u0131nl\u0131\u011f\u0131yla da tan\u0131nan Hawking, \u00fcnl\u00fc animasyon The Simpsons ve uzay serisi Star Trek’te seyirci kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f, hatta British Telecom filmine kendisiyle \u00f6zde\u015fle\u015fen bilgisayar sesiyle kat\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hawking’in t\u00fcm olanaks\u0131zl\u0131klara ra\u011fmen bilime adanm\u0131\u015f hayat\u0131, 2014’te beyazperdeye de aktar\u0131ld\u0131. T\u00fcrkiye’de “Her \u015eeyin Teorisi” ad\u0131yla g\u00f6sterime giren “The Theory of Everyting” filmi, \u00fcnl\u00fc fizik\u00e7iyi canland\u0131ran \u0130ngiliz oyuncu Eddie Redmayne’a En \u0130yi Erkek Oyuncu Oscar’\u0131 getirdi.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
E\u011fitim<\/strong><\/p>\n E\u011fitim hayat\u0131na Londra’daki Byron House School’da ba\u015flayan Hawking, daha sonra ailesinin Londra’n\u0131n kuzeyindeki St. Albans’a ta\u015f\u0131nmas\u0131 nedeniyle okula burada devam etti.<\/p>\n Hawking’in babas\u0131, St. Albans’daki okuldan mezun olan o\u011flunu sonra daha iyi e\u011fitim almas\u0131 i\u00e7in Westminster \u00fcniversitesine g\u00f6ndermek istedi. Hawking, Westminster’in bursluluk s\u0131nav\u0131na, hasta olmas\u0131 nedeniyle kat\u0131lamad\u0131. Hawking, istedi\u011fi matematik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc olmamas\u0131na ra\u011fmen fizik b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc tercihiyle Oxford \u00dcniversitesine girdi.<\/p>\n Oxford \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan Hawking’e do\u011fa bilimlerinde birinci s\u0131n\u0131f onur madalyas\u0131 verildi.<\/p>\n Hawking, \u00fcniversite e\u011fitimini tamamlad\u0131ktan sonra 20 ya\u015f\u0131nda kozmoloji \u00fczerine ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar yapmak \u00fczere Cambridge \u00dcniversitesinde y\u00fcksek lisansa ba\u015flad\u0131. Hawking, “Geni\u015fleyen Evrenin \u00d6zellikleri” adl\u0131 teziyle 1965 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcksek lisans\u0131n\u0131 tamamlad\u0131 ve ayn\u0131 y\u0131l \u00fcniversitede ara\u015ft\u0131rma g\u00f6revlisi olarak i\u015fe ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Hawking, 1966’da “Teklilik ve Uzay Zaman Geometrisi” isimli ara\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131yla Cambridge \u00dcniversitesi taraf\u0131ndan verilen en prestijli \u00f6d\u00fcllerden biri olan Adams Prize’e lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Hawking 1979’da Cambridge \u00dcniversitesinde Lucas k\u00fcrs\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131na gelerek profes\u00f6r unvan\u0131n\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n Bilgisayara ba\u011fl\u0131 bir hayat<\/strong><\/p>\n Hawking’e 21 ya\u015f\u0131nda, Cambridge’de \u00f6\u011frenciyken Amyotrofik Lateral Skleroz (ALS) te\u015fhisi konuldu. Motor n\u00f6ronlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcrerek sinir sistemini fel\u00e7 eden hastal\u0131k nedeniyle doktorlar, gen\u00e7 bilim adam\u0131na ancak birka\u00e7 y\u0131l \u00f6mr\u00fcn\u00fcn kald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yledi.<\/p>\n Ancak Hawking, beklenenden daha yava\u015f ilerleyen hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 ve kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n ilgisi sayesinde bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 yeniden s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Tekerlekli sandalyeye ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 hale gelen Hawking, 1985’te \u0130svi\u00e7re’deki CERN’i ziyareti s\u0131ras\u0131nda zat\u00fcrre oldu. E\u015fi, ya\u015fam destek \u00fcnitesinin kapat\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6nerisini geri \u00e7evirdi. Geriye kalan tek se\u00e7enek olan trakeotomi, Hawking’in konu\u015fma yetisini yok etti.<\/p>\n Hawking, kendisine g\u00f6sterilen karttan ka\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 kald\u0131rarak harfleri se\u00e7ip ileti\u015fim kurabiliyordu. 1986’da Walter Woltozs, Hawking i\u00e7in “Equalizer” adl\u0131 \u00f6zel bir bilgisayar program\u0131 geli\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n Hawking, ileti\u015fim kurmak i\u00e7in \u00f6mr\u00fc boyunca bu program\u0131 kulland\u0131. 2005’te art\u0131k ellerini de kullanamamaya ba\u015flay\u0131nca bilgisayar\u0131 yanak kaslar\u0131yla kontrol etmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Kara delikler<\/strong><\/p>\n Hawking, 1970’lerde kara deliklerin enerji yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ileri s\u00fcrerek bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131n\u0131n dikkatini \u00e7ekti. Daha \u00f6nce hi\u00e7bir \u015feyin kara deliklerin \u00e7ekim g\u00fcc\u00fcnden ka\u00e7amad\u0131\u011f\u0131 varsay\u0131l\u0131yordu. Hawking, 1975’te yay\u0131mlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 makalesinde kara deliklerin par\u00e7ac\u0131k yayd\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve bu nedenle k\u00fctle kaybettiklerini ileri s\u00fcrd\u00fc. Hawking’in kendi ad\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan “Hawking Radyasyonu” iddias\u0131, bilim d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck tart\u0131\u015fma yaratt\u0131.<\/p>\n Hawking, “Zaman\u0131n K\u0131sa Tarihi” adl\u0131 \u00fcnl\u00fc eserini 1988’de yay\u0131mlad\u0131. Evrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n\u0131 olu\u015fturdu\u011fu varsay\u0131lan B\u00fcy\u00fck Patlama, kara delikler ve sicim teorisi ile ilgili d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerini anlatan Hawking’in kitab\u0131, d\u00fcnya \u00e7ap\u0131nda 25 milyon kopya satt\u0131 ve en \u00e7ok okunan bilim kitaplar\u0131 aras\u0131na girdi.<\/p>\n Hawking’in “B\u00fcy\u00fck Tasar\u0131m”, “Ceviz Kabu\u011fundaki Evren”, “Kara Delikler ve Bebek Evrenler” gibi kitaplar\u0131 40’tan fazla dile \u00e7evrildi.<\/p>\n Kendi ya\u015fam\u0131n\u0131 anlatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 “Benim K\u0131sa Tarihim” kitab\u0131n\u0131 2013’te yay\u0131mlayan Hawking, \u00e7ok say\u0131da \u00f6d\u00fcle lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Evrenin ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131nda galaksilerin kuantum de\u011fi\u015fimlerinden olu\u015ftu\u011fu ke\u015ffiyle 2015’te BBVA Vakf\u0131nca “Bilimin \u00d6nc\u00fcleri” \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fcne lay\u0131k g\u00f6r\u00fclen Hawking’e 2016’da bilim ve \u0130ngiliz k\u00fclt\u00fcr\u00fcne katk\u0131lar\u0131 i\u00e7in “\u0130ngiltere’nin Gururu” \u00f6d\u00fcl\u00fc verildi.<\/p>\n \u0130nsanl\u0131\u011fa uyar\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n Hawking, s\u0131k s\u0131k gazetecilerle bir araya gelerek gelece\u011fe y\u00f6nelik uyar\u0131larda bulundu.<\/p>\n En son, insanl\u0131\u011f\u0131n 100 y\u0131l i\u00e7inde D\u00fcnya’y\u0131 terk etmesi ve kendisine ya\u015fayacak yeni bir yer bulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 yapan Hawking, ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Donald Trump’\u0131n k\u00fcresel \u0131s\u0131nmayla ilgili politikalar\u0131n\u0131 yery\u00fcz\u00fcn\u00fcn i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu tehlikeyi daha da art\u0131raca\u011f\u0131 gerek\u00e7esiyle ele\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n Hawking, yapay zekan\u0131n insan\u0131n varl\u0131\u011f\u0131na tehdit olu\u015fturdu\u011funu savundu. Hawking, bu uyar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 “Ancak insana yeti\u015febilecek ya da insan\u0131n zekas\u0131n\u0131 ge\u00e7ebilecek bir \u015fey yaratmak, \u00e7ok ciddi sonu\u00e7lara yol a\u00e7abilir. Yapay zeka, kendi kendini geli\u015ftirmeye devam edebilir ve hatta kendini yeniden bi\u00e7imlendirebilir. Son derece yava\u015f bir biyolojik evrimle s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olan insanlar, bu t\u00fcr bir g\u00fc\u00e7le yar\u0131\u015famaz. Yapay zeka, yery\u00fcz\u00fcnde insan \u0131rk\u0131n\u0131n sonunu getirebilir.” ifadeleriyle dile getirdi.<\/p>\n \u0130nternetin tehlikelerine de de\u011finen Hawking, internet \u015firketlerinin, ifade \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc ve \u00f6zel hayat\u0131n korunmas\u0131 ilkelerinden \u00f6d\u00fcn vermeden internetin olu\u015fturdu\u011fu tehditleri ortadan kald\u0131rman\u0131n bir yolunu bulmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine dikkati \u00e7ekti.<\/p>\n Aile hayat\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Stephen Hawking’in bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131n yan\u0131 s\u0131ra aile hayat\u0131 da ilgi oda\u011f\u0131 oldu. Hawking, ilk evlili\u011fini k\u0131z karde\u015finin arkada\u015f\u0131 olan ve hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan k\u0131sa s\u00fcre \u00f6nce tan\u0131\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 Jane Wilde ile yapt\u0131. Hawking, 1965’te evlendi\u011fi Jane i\u00e7in “Onunla birlikte olmak bana ya\u015fama amac\u0131 verdi.” ifadelerini kulland\u0131.<\/p>\n Stephen ve Jane’nin Robert, Lucy ve Timothy adl\u0131 3 \u00e7ocu\u011fu oldu.<\/p>\n \u00c7ift, Hawking’in hem\u015firesi Elaine Mason’la ili\u015fkisinin ortaya \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131n\u0131n ard\u0131ndan 1995 y\u0131l\u0131nda bo\u015fand\u0131. Stephen Hawking, ayn\u0131 y\u0131l hem\u015firesi Mason’la evlendi.<\/p>\n Mason’un Hawking’e fiziksel \u015fiddet uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 iddialar\u0131 \u00fczerine polis soru\u015fturma ba\u015flatt\u0131 ancak Hawking’in \u015fikayet\u00e7i olmamas\u0131 \u00fczerine dosya kapat\u0131ld\u0131. Hawking ve Mason, 2006’da bo\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n ALS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n ALS, beyin ile omurilikte bulunan ve kaslar\u0131 kontrol eden sinir h\u00fccrelerine zarar veriyor. Hen\u00fcz tedavisi bulunmayan ALS’ye yakalanan hastalar\u0131n sadece y\u00fczde 5’i, te\u015fhisten sonra 10 y\u0131ldan uzun s\u00fcre ya\u015f\u0131yor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en \u00f6nemli kozmologlar\u0131ndan biri kabul edilen ve ALS hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 nedeniyle t\u00fcm ileti\u015fim yetilerini kaybetmesine ra\u011fmen bilgisayar deste\u011fiyle bilimsel \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131n\u0131 devam ettiren Hawking, t\u0131p d\u00fcnyas\u0131nda da “mucize adam” olarak tan\u0131n\u0131yordu.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":70941,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[22,19],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-70937","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-bilim","category-dunya"],"yoast_head":"\n