Avrupa \u00fclkeleri aras\u0131nda Kuzey Avrupa \u00fclkeleri geli\u015fmi\u015flik alg\u0131s\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan her zaman farkl\u0131 bir yere sahip olmu\u015flard\u0131r. Bu geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fin \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fct\u00fc olarak ekonomik g\u00f6stergelere bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fcyesi olmayan Norve\u00e7\u2019in ki\u015fi ba\u015f\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen yurt i\u00e7i has\u0131las\u0131n\u0131n 90 bin dolar\u0131 a\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, AB \u00fcyesi olan \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in 57 bin dolar\u0131 buldu\u011fu, Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n 63 bin dolara yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131, Finlandiya\u2019n\u0131n ise 49 bin dolar ile 37 bin dolar olan AB ortalamas\u0131n\u0131n hayli \u00fczerinde bir ekonomiye sahip oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcr. T\u00fcm bu \u00fclkelerin temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fckler a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan da olumlu birer imaja sahip olduklar\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131k. Fakat bu son derece pozitif imaja sahip Avrupa \u00fclkelerinde bile, s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6\u00e7menler oldu\u011funda farkl\u0131 yakla\u015f\u0131mlar sergileniyor. Bu \u00fclkeler aras\u0131nda m\u00fcltecilere kar\u015f\u0131 en so\u011fuk tutum sergileyen ise Danimarka. Yak\u0131n zamanda h\u00fck\u00fcmet de\u011fi\u015fikli\u011fine giden Danimarka, \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmet s\u00fcresince m\u00fcltecileri ka\u00e7\u0131racak y\u00f6ntemler icat etmeyi ba\u015far\u0131 sayarken, yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin de eskisinden fark\u0131 olmayaca\u011f\u0131 k\u0131sa s\u00fcrede ortaya \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f durumda. <\/p>\n
Danimarka\u2019daki s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n Danimarka 1 Ocak 1973 tarihinden bu yana AB \u00fcyesi ve 25 Mart 2001 tarihinden bu yana Schengen b\u00f6lgesinin bir par\u00e7as\u0131. 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda 21 bin s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma m\u00fcracaat\u0131 alan Danimarka i\u00e7in bu beklenmedik bir say\u0131yd\u0131, fakat takip eden y\u0131llarda g\u00f6\u00e7menlik ba\u015fvurular\u0131 kademeli olarak d\u00fc\u015fmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 3 bin 500 s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma ba\u015fvurusu alan \u00fclkeye 2019 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n ilk yedi ay\u0131nda ise yaln\u0131zca bin 400 ki\u015fi s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebiyle ba\u015fvurdu. D\u00fc\u015fen say\u0131larda, \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrkiye ile AB aras\u0131nda yap\u0131lan anla\u015fman\u0131n ve Ege denizinde ve AB s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131nda artan kontrollerin etkili oldu\u011fu g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. 2014 ve 2015 y\u0131llar\u0131nda s\u0131ras\u0131yla 7 bin 210 ve 8 bin 608 Suriyeli s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmac\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015fvurdu\u011fu \u00fclkeye, 2018 y\u0131l\u0131nda sadece 598 Suriyeli s\u0131\u011f\u0131nma talebinde bulunmu\u015f. Eritre\u2019den ba\u015fvuran g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131s\u0131 ise 656.<\/p>\n Orta Do\u011fu\u2019dan yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular d\u00fc\u015ferken Afrika\u2019dan yap\u0131lan ba\u015fvurular\u0131n artmas\u0131, T\u00fcrkiye\u2019nin \u00fcst\u00fcne d\u00fc\u015fen g\u00f6revi en iyi \u015fekilde yerine getirmesi ve anla\u015fmalara sad\u0131k kalmas\u0131yla a\u00e7\u0131klanabilir. Zira bu tarihlerden sonra sadece Danimarka\u2019ya de\u011fil t\u00fcm Avrupa \u00fclkelerine ula\u015fan Suriyeli g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Bunun yan\u0131 s\u0131ra Danimarka \u00fczerinden \u00e7e\u015fitli yollarla \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019e ge\u00e7mek isteyen g\u00f6\u00e7men say\u0131lar\u0131nda da d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. \u0130sve\u00e7 de Schengen b\u00f6lgesinde olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen s\u0131n\u0131r kontrollerine ba\u015flad\u0131 ve \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019in kontrolleri s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 y\u00fcz\u00fcnden Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n bir transit \u00fclke olmaktan gelen de\u011feri azald\u0131. N\u00fcfusuna oranla bak\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, yaln\u0131zca 2015 y\u0131l\u0131nda n\u00fcfusunun y\u00fczde 1,6\u2019s\u0131na tekab\u00fcl eden say\u0131da g\u00f6\u00e7mene kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7an Danimarka, daha sonra ise n\u00fcfusunun ancak binde 5\u2019i kadar g\u00f6\u00e7meni kabul etti. Bir di\u011fer bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131yla, Avrupa\u2019da yurt arayanlar\u0131n yaln\u0131zca binde 5 kadar\u0131 bu aray\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 Danimarka \u00fczerinden ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirmekteler.<\/p>\n Danimarka\u2019da son y\u0131llarda m\u00fcltecilik hakk\u0131 kazananlar\u0131n \u00f6nemli bir k\u0131sm\u0131 ise aile birle\u015fmesi sebebiyle bu hakk\u0131 zaten alacak olanlardan olu\u015fuyor. Peki ama, hem ekonomik hem de siyasi a\u00e7\u0131dan olumlu bir imaja sahip bir Kuzey Avrupa \u00fclkesi olarak Danimarka, nas\u0131l olur da g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in bir cazibe merkezi olmaz?<\/p>\n Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 tavr\u0131<\/strong><\/p>\n Esas\u0131nda t\u00fcm d\u00fcnyada olumlu bir imaja sahip olan Danimarka, s\u00f6z konusu g\u00f6\u00e7menler oldu\u011funda b\u00f6yle bir imaja sahip olmaya pek de istekli g\u00f6r\u00fcnm\u00fcyor. L\u00fcbnan gibi m\u00fcltecilerin en fazla ikamet etti\u011fi \u00fclkelerde verdi\u011fi gazete ilanlar\u0131yla, Danimarka m\u00fcltecilerin \u00fclkelerinde istenmedi\u011fini g\u00f6stermekten ka\u00e7\u0131nmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131yla me\u015fhur bu Kuzey Avrupa refah devleti verdi\u011fi ilanlarda, m\u00fcltecilere y\u00f6nelik sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 50 oran\u0131nda k\u0131st\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131, aile birle\u015fmesinin uzun s\u00fcre alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 (1 yerine 3 y\u0131l), yabanc\u0131lar\u0131n ancak uzun y\u0131llar sonunda oturma izni alabileceklerini belirtmekten \u00e7ekinmemi\u015ftir. G\u00f6\u00e7menler s\u00f6z konusu oldu\u011funda \u201creklam\u0131n k\u00f6t\u00fcs\u00fc\u201d olabilece\u011fini g\u00f6steren Danimarka, 2016 y\u0131l\u0131 itibar\u0131yla BM M\u00fclteciler Y\u00fcksek Komiserli\u011fi\u2019ne kota sistemiyle almas\u0131 gereken y\u0131ll\u0131k 500 kadar m\u00fclteciyi de alamayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 iletmi\u015f, bu karardan ise ancak bu sene de\u011fi\u015fen h\u00fck\u00fcmet ve G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Uyum Bakan\u0131 sonras\u0131nda geri d\u00f6nece\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klam\u0131\u015ft\u0131r.<\/p>\n Gelecek sene tekrar baz\u0131 sorumluluklar\u0131 alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steren Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n yeni G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Uyum Bakan\u0131 Mattias Tesfaye, Etiyopyal\u0131 bir m\u00fclteci baban\u0131n ve Danimarkal\u0131 bir annenin evlad\u0131 olarak, bulundu\u011fu g\u00f6rev i\u00e7in bi\u00e7ilmi\u015f kaftan olarak g\u00f6r\u00fclebilir. Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7men kar\u015f\u0131t\u0131 yasalar\u0131yla tan\u0131nan, hatta g\u00f6\u00e7menlere kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131lan sert yasay\u0131 bir pastayla kutlayan, M\u00fcsl\u00fcmanlar aleyhindeki karikat\u00fcrleri payla\u015fmaktan \u00e7ekinmeyen, Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n geri \u00e7evrilen m\u00fclteciler i\u00e7in \u201cAlcatraz plan\u0131n\u0131\u201d a\u00e7\u0131klayan eski G\u00f6\u00e7 ve Uyum Bakan\u0131 Inger St\u00f6jberg\u2019e k\u0131yasla yeni bakan\u0131n \u00e7ok daha anlay\u0131\u015fl\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenebilir. \u00d6zellikle \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin, su\u00e7a kar\u0131\u015fm\u0131\u015f ve cezalar\u0131n\u0131 \u00e7ekmi\u015f olmalar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131n ba\u015fvurular\u0131 kabul edilmeyen, s\u0131n\u0131r d\u0131\u015f\u0131 da edilemeyen g\u00f6\u00e7menler i\u00e7in bulmu\u015f oldu\u011fu, kimsenin ya\u015famad\u0131\u011f\u0131 Lindholm adas\u0131na yerle\u015ftirilmeleri plan\u0131n\u0131n rafa kald\u0131r\u0131laca\u011f\u0131n\u0131n a\u00e7\u0131klanmas\u0131yla bu beklentiler daha da artabilir. <\/p>\n Fakat Tesfaye\u2019nin de i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu sosyal demokratlar\u0131n, \u00fclkede \u201cikametlerini kolayla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in\u201d m\u00fcltecilerin belirli bir de\u011ferin \u00fczerindeki k\u0131ymetli e\u015fyalar\u0131na el konulmas\u0131ndan, \u00e7ocuklar\u0131n\u0131n zorunlu bak\u0131m\u0131na kadar uzanan bir yelpazedeki zorlay\u0131c\u0131 kanunlara onay verdikleri de unutulmamal\u0131. Zaman\u0131nda en \u00f6nemli gen\u00e7 politikac\u0131lar aras\u0131nda g\u00f6sterildi\u011finde, Tesfaye sosyal haklar\u0131n da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 konusunda halk\u0131n deste\u011fini kazand\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131, bu kazan\u0131m\u0131n da \u00fclkedeki sosyal birli\u011fe ba\u011fl\u0131 oldu\u011funu dile getirmi\u015f, g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ise sosyal birlik i\u00e7in iyi olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 savunmu\u015ftu. Tesfaye\u2019nin bakanl\u0131\u011fa geldikten sonraki ilk eylemleri Danimarka\u2019da g\u00f6\u00e7menler konusunda h\u0131zl\u0131 bir de\u011fi\u015fimin olmayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor.<\/p>\n Eyl\u00fcl sonunda Malta\u2019da toplanan Fransa, Almanya, Malta, \u0130talya ve Finlandiya Akdeniz\u2019de kurtar\u0131lan g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin AB \u00fclkelerinde yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131 i\u00e7in uzla\u015fmaya var\u0131rlarken Tesfaye, \u00fclkesinin Malta antla\u015fmas\u0131nda var\u0131lan yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n bir par\u00e7as\u0131 olmay\u0131 istemedi\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Tesfaye\u2019ye g\u00f6re bu t\u00fcr bir yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m \u00f6nlem de\u011fil, ancak \u00f6zendirici bir uygulama olabilir. Sorunun \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc i\u00e7in k\u0131sa vadeli de\u011fil, uzun vadeli planlar yap\u0131lmas\u0131 gerekti\u011fini vurgulayan Tesfaye, yeniden da\u011f\u0131t\u0131m\u0131n kendilerini endi\u015felendirdi\u011fini itiraf etti. Tesfaye ayr\u0131ca Lindholm adas\u0131 plan\u0131n\u0131 da asl\u0131nda insani de\u011fil, ekonomik sebeplerle uygun bulmad\u0131klar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmet daha \u00f6nceki h\u00fck\u00fcmetin belirledi\u011fi sert politikalara devam edece\u011fini t\u00fcrl\u00fc f\u0131rsatlarla vurgulamaktan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131yor. Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmetin de m\u00fcltecilerin entegrasyonundan ziyade, geri g\u00f6nderilmesi olanakl\u0131 olanlar\u0131n \u00fclkelerine d\u00f6nmesi \u00fczerine bir bak\u0131\u015f a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131 izleyece\u011fi yetkili a\u011f\u0131zlardan dile getiriliyor.<\/p>\n M\u00fclteci korkusu ve s\u0131n\u0131r kontrolleri<\/strong><\/p>\n Danimarka\u2019n\u0131n g\u00f6\u00e7men korkusu yak\u0131n d\u00f6nemde kom\u015fular\u0131na da yans\u0131maya ba\u015flad\u0131. Danimarka\u2019da A\u011fustos ay\u0131nda meydana gelen patlamadan sorumlu tutulan iki \u0130sve\u00e7li ile Haziran ay\u0131nda iki ki\u015finin \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnde rol oynad\u0131klar\u0131 \u015f\u00fcphesiyle g\u00f6z alt\u0131na al\u0131nan di\u011fer be\u015f \u0130sve\u00e7linin ard\u0131ndan Danimarka, Schengen\u2019e ra\u011fmen \u0130sve\u00e7\u2019le s\u0131n\u0131r kontrollerini artt\u0131raca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Her ne kadar bu \u00f6nlemler ge\u00e7ici olarak al\u0131nacak olsalar da, benzer kontrollerin \u0130sve\u00e7 taraf\u0131ndan 2015 y\u0131l\u0131ndan beri uzat\u0131larak, g\u00f6\u00e7menlerin \u00fclkeye ge\u00e7i\u015fini kontrol etmede kullan\u0131ld\u0131klar\u0131 biliniyor. Kas\u0131m ay\u0131nda bu kontrol noktalar\u0131 daha s\u0131k\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnt\u00fcl\u00fc g\u00f6zlem, pasaport veya kimlik kontrolleri gibi tedbirleri beraberinde getirecek. Avrupa\u2019n\u0131n i\u00e7eride birbirine g\u00fcvene, d\u0131\u015farda ise s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 korumaya y\u00f6nelik sistemi g\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e bu t\u00fcr tedbirlerle a\u015f\u0131nmaya devam ederken bu tedbirlerin, \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere verdi\u011fi de\u011ferle \u00fcn yapm\u0131\u015f Danimarka gibi Kuzey Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin imajlar\u0131na ve bu \u00fclkelere s\u0131\u011f\u0131nmak isteyen zor durumdaki insanlara neler getirece\u011fini zaman g\u00f6sterecek.<\/p>\n Sonu\u00e7 olarak, Danimarka gibi ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi kadar temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere verdi\u011fi de\u011ferle de tan\u0131nan \u00e7a\u011fda\u015f Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin dahi m\u00fclteciler konusunda s\u0131n\u0131fta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. M\u00fclteci fobisi, bu modern Avrupa \u00fclkesinin dahi akl\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayan insanl\u0131k d\u0131\u015f\u0131 tedbirler almas\u0131na sebep olurken, en yak\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131r kom\u015fular\u0131ndan gelenlere kar\u015f\u0131 dahi ihtiyatl\u0131 davranmas\u0131na, Schengen sisteminin do\u011fas\u0131na ayk\u0131r\u0131 \u015fekilde s\u0131n\u0131r kontrollerini geri getirmesine yol a\u00e7m\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. T\u00fcrkiye gibi m\u00fclteciler konusunda kucaklay\u0131c\u0131 tutum sergileyen bir devlet, Danimarka gibi m\u00fcltecilere yard\u0131m eli uzatmaya \u00e7ekinen \u00fclkelerle k\u0131yasland\u0131\u011f\u0131nda \u00e7ok daha fazla sempati g\u00f6rmeyi hak ediyor.<\/p>\n [Hac\u0131 Bayram Veli \u00dcniversitesi \u00f6\u011fretim \u00fcyesi olan Prof. Dr. M. Nail Alkan Avrupa Birli\u011fi alan\u0131ndaki ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131n\u0131 Ankara Kriz ve Siyaset Ara\u015ft\u0131rmalar\u0131 Merkezi\u2019nde (ANKASAM) s\u00fcrd\u00fcrmektedir]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Danimarka gibi ekonomik geli\u015fmi\u015fli\u011fi kadar temel hak ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fcklere verdi\u011fi de\u011ferle de tan\u0131nan Avrupa \u00fclkelerinin m\u00fclteciler konusunda s\u0131n\u0131fta kald\u0131\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":2,"featured_media":76709,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":[],"jnews_primary_category":[],"footnotes":""},"categories":[2,13],"tags":[],"coauthors":[],"class_list":["post-76706","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-danimarka","category-turkiye"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76706","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/2"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=76706"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/76706\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/76709"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=76706"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=76706"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=76706"},{"taxonomy":"author","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.nordicturk.com\/arsiv\/20122025\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/coauthors?post=76706"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}