Son bir y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan enerji krizinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek elektrik ve do\u011fal gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en az 2025’e kadar devam edebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
Ekonomilerin Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan toparlanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 sonras\u0131 arz\u0131n enerji talebindeki art\u0131\u015fa yeti\u015fememesi sonucu ge\u00e7en y\u0131l eyl\u00fcl itibar\u0131yla kendini hissettirmeye ba\u015flayan enerji krizi, Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’da ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan boyut de\u011fi\u015ftirdi.<\/p>\n
Mevcut arz-talep dengesizli\u011fine ek olarak Bat\u0131l\u0131 \u00fclkelerin sava\u015f nedeniyle Rusya’ya uygulad\u0131\u011f\u0131 yapt\u0131r\u0131mlar ve Rusya’n\u0131n \u00f6zellikle Avrupa’ya gaz arz\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nce kademeli olarak, son olarak da s\u00fcresiz bir \u015fekilde kesmesi enerji krizini t\u0131rmand\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Ge\u00e7en y\u0131l eyl\u00fcl\u00fcn ba\u015f\u0131nda Avrupa’da en fazla derinli\u011fe sahip Hollanda merkezli do\u011fal gaz ticaret noktas\u0131 TTF’de i\u015flem g\u00f6ren vadeli kontratlar\u0131n fiyat\u0131 megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 fiyat\u0131 30 avro seviyesindeyken, fiyatlar bir y\u0131l boyunca s\u00fcrekli art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi ve y\u00fczde 1000 art\u0131\u015fla ge\u00e7en hafta megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131na 346 avroyu g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 fiyat\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015flamas\u0131ndan \u00f6nceki g\u00fcn olan 23 \u015eubat’ta ise 87 avro seviyesindeydi. Do\u011fal gaz\u0131n Avrupa’n\u0131n elektrik \u00fcretimindeki pay\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 25 olmas\u0131 nedeniyle, y\u00fcksek gaz fiyatlar\u0131 elektrik \u00fcretim maliyetlerine de art\u0131\u015f olarak yans\u0131d\u0131.<\/p>\n
K\u00f6m\u00fcr fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n da bu s\u00fcre\u00e7te rekor seviyeye ula\u015fmas\u0131 ve arz endi\u015feleri nedeniyle Avrupa’n\u0131n g\u00f6sterge elektrik piyasalar\u0131ndan Almanya’da a\u011fustosta elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 ilk kez megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131na 700 avroyu ge\u00e7ti. Bu rakam 6 ay \u00f6nce 128 avro, 1 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 82 avro, 2 y\u0131l \u00f6nce 35 avro seviyesindeydi. B\u00f6ylece, elektrik fiyatlar\u0131 da enerji krizinin ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri yakla\u015f\u0131k y\u00fczde 755 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Avrupa elektrik fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015flar, politika yap\u0131c\u0131lar\u0131 elektrik piyasas\u0131na m\u00fcdahale etme konusunda harekete ge\u00e7irdi.<\/p>\n
– Gaz fiyat\u0131 mart-a\u011fustos d\u00f6neminde y\u00fczde 370 y\u00fckseldi<\/p>\n
Londra merkezli d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce kurulu\u015fu Ember K\u0131demli Enerji ve \u0130klim Analisti Sarah Brown, AA muhabirine yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 de\u011ferlendirmede, enerji krizinin k\u0131smen salg\u0131n sonras\u0131 arz-talep dengesizli\u011fi nedeniyle olu\u015ftu\u011funu fakat Rusya’n\u0131n hamlelerinin sava\u015ftan \u00f6ncesinde de Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ndeki (AB) gaz fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti.<\/p>\n
Gazprom’un stratejik davranarak AB’deki gaz depolar\u0131n\u0131 doldurmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 dile getiren Brown, \u015fu bilgileri payla\u015ft\u0131:<\/p>\n
“Rusya, gaz talebi artt\u0131\u011f\u0131nda AB’ye do\u011fal gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131 da art\u0131rmad\u0131. Temmuz-Aral\u0131k 2020’de megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama 11 avro olan TTF fiyat\u0131 Temmuz-Aral\u0131k 2021 d\u00f6neminde ortalama 70 avroya y\u00fckseldi. Bu art\u0131\u015f sava\u015f nedeniyle de\u011fildi ama sava\u015f gaz krizini a\u011f\u0131rla\u015ft\u0131rd\u0131. Mart ay\u0131nda megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 216 avroya kadar \u00e7\u0131kan TTF fiyat\u0131 temmuz ve a\u011fustosta yeni rekor seviyelere ula\u015ft\u0131. Bu art\u0131\u015flar Kuzey Ak\u0131m \u00fczerinden gaz ak\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6nce y\u00fczde 20’ye kadar d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve Rusya’n\u0131n gaz\u0131n tamamen kesilece\u011fine ili\u015fkin tehditleri sonras\u0131 meydana geldi. TTF fiyatlar\u0131 Mart-A\u011fustos 2022 d\u00f6neminde megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama 136 avro oldu. Bu rakam ge\u00e7en y\u0131l\u0131n ayn\u0131 d\u00f6neminde megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131 ortalama 29 avroydu. Yani bu d\u00f6nemde ortalama fiyatlar \u00fczerinden y\u00fczde 370 art\u0131\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131. Avrupa gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en az 2025’e kadar megavatsaat ba\u015f\u0131na 100 avronun \u00fczerinde kalmas\u0131 bekleniyor. Bu seviyedeki fiyatlar, elektrik \u00fcretiminde do\u011fal gaz kullan\u0131lmaya devam etti\u011fi s\u00fcrece elektrik i\u00e7in de y\u00fcksek fiyat anlam\u0131na geliyor.”<\/p>\n
– “AB’nin temel politika hatas\u0131 ithal gaz\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesi”<\/p>\n
Brown, Avrupa’n\u0131n enerji krizinden \u00e7\u0131k\u0131\u015f yolunun yenilenebilir kaynaklar oldu\u011funu ifade ederek, “Avrupa’n\u0131n son 10 y\u0131lda enerji politikas\u0131ndaki temel hata ithal ettikleri do\u011fal gaz\u0131 ge\u00e7i\u015f kayna\u011f\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rmesi ve ucuz ve temiz olan yenilenebilir kaynaklar\u0131 daha h\u0131zl\u0131 devreye almamas\u0131. Fakat \u015fu anda hatalardan ders \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum ve \u00fcye \u00fclkeler elektrik tedarikinde temiz kaynaklar\u0131 daha fazla kullanmak i\u00e7in acil ad\u0131mlar at\u0131yor. Sava\u015f ve enerji krizi, yenilenebilir enerjiye d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f\u00fcm\u00fc h\u0131zland\u0131rd\u0131.” diye konu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n
AB’nin REPowerEU plan\u0131nda bu hedeflerin yer ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kaydeden Brown, 2035’e kadar elektrik \u00fcretiminin temiz kaynaklardan sa\u011flanmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik hedefin ba\u015far\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131n elektrik faturalar\u0131n\u0131 a\u015fa\u011f\u0131 \u00e7ekece\u011fini, enerji g\u00fcvenli\u011fine katk\u0131 sa\u011flayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve emisyonlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrece\u011fini anlatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Brown, \u015fu an al\u0131nan ge\u00e7ici acil \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmlerin AB’yi iklim hedeflerinden sapt\u0131rmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fine i\u015faret ederek, “AB bu hedeflerden sapmayacakt\u0131r da. \u015eu anda toplam gaz t\u00fcketimini gelecek 7 ayda y\u00fczde 15 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek i\u00e7in \u00f6nemli ad\u0131mlar at\u0131l\u0131yor ve fosil yak\u0131tlara olan talebi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme \u00e7abalar\u0131 bu k\u0131\u015f sonras\u0131nda da devam edecek. Bu ad\u0131mlara ek olarak daha h\u0131zl\u0131 \u015fekilde g\u00fcne\u015f ve r\u00fczgar kapasitesi olu\u015fturulmas\u0131, enerji krizinin \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm\u00fc.” dedi.<\/p>\n
– “Talebi ve gaz kullan\u0131m\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in somut ad\u0131mlar gerekli”<\/p>\n
Enerji Ekonomisi ve Finansal Analiz Enstit\u00fcs\u00fc (IEEFA) Avrupa Analisti Ana Maria Jaller-Makarewicz de enerji krizini tetikleyen arz-talep sorunlar\u0131na dikkati \u00e7ekerek, “A\u015f\u0131r\u0131 hava olaylar\u0131 nedeniyle enerji talebinin artmas\u0131 ve n\u00fckleerden elektrik \u00fcretiminde ya\u015fanan sorunlar da krizin di\u011fer fakt\u00f6rleri aras\u0131nda yer al\u0131yor. Gaz ve elektrik fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fczdeki 1-2 y\u0131l daha a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 y\u00fcksek kalabilece\u011fini ve sonras\u0131nda biraz olsun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fanmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen gelecek 5 y\u0131lda y\u00fcksek fiyatlar\u0131n bizimle olaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcyorum.” \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcs\u00fcnde bulundu.<\/p>\n
AB’nin REPowerEU plan\u0131nda enerji krizini \u00e7\u00f6zmek i\u00e7in iddial\u0131 hedefler belirledi\u011fini an\u0131msatan Jaller-Makarewic, \u00fclkelerin birlikte hareket etmemesi durumunda bu hedeflerin uygulanmas\u0131nda sorunlar ya\u015fanabilece\u011fini dile getirdi.<\/p>\n
Jaller-Makarewic ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkelerin do\u011fal gaz altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 geni\u015fleterek do\u011fal gaz tedarik sorunlar\u0131na \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcm bulma ihtimalinin de bir risk olu\u015fturdu\u011funu belirterek, \u015funlar\u0131 kaydetti:<\/p>\n
“H\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u015fimdiden ba\u015flayarak do\u011fal gaz ve elektrik talebini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmek ya da gaz\u0131n pay\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in somut \u00e7\u00f6z\u00fcmler sunmal\u0131. Bunlardan birisi geni\u015f \u00e7apl\u0131 bir programla \u0131s\u0131 pompalar\u0131n\u0131n yayg\u0131nla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 olabilir.”<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Son bir y\u0131ld\u0131r d\u00fcnyay\u0131 etkisi alt\u0131na alan enerji krizinin yaratt\u0131\u011f\u0131 y\u00fcksek elektrik ve do\u011fal gaz fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n en az 2025’e kadar devam edebilece\u011fi \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ekonomilerin Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131ndan toparlanmaya ba\u015flamas\u0131 sonras\u0131 arz\u0131n enerji talebindeki art\u0131\u015fa yeti\u015fememesi sonucu ge\u00e7en y\u0131l eyl\u00fcl itibar\u0131yla kendini hissettirmeye ba\u015flayan enerji krizi, Rusya’n\u0131n Ukrayna’da ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n ard\u0131ndan boyut de\u011fi\u015ftirdi. Mevcut arz-talep dengesizli\u011fine ek […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"2","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"hide","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-715"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"coauthors":[93],"class_list":["post-92596","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"yoast_head":"\n