Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 kaynakl\u0131 arz s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar\u0131 ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle artan enerji fiyatlar\u0131yla ivme kazanarak k\u00fcresel ekonominin “ba\u015f a\u011fr\u0131s\u0131” haline gelen y\u00fcksek enflasyon, d\u00fcnya genelinde h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirler almaya zorluyor.<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131n\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu b\u00fcy\u00fck gerilemenin ard\u0131ndan toparlanmaya ge\u00e7en k\u00fcresel ekonomide h\u0131zl\u0131 y\u00fckseli\u015fiyle 2021’e damgas\u0131n\u0131 vuran enflasyon, Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n etkisiyle artan g\u0131da ve enerji fiyatlar\u0131yla h\u0131zlanarak bu y\u0131l\u0131n ikinci yar\u0131s\u0131nda da g\u00fcndemde kalmaya devam ediyor.<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnya ekonomisinin enflasyonla m\u00fccadelesi s\u00fcrerken, y\u00fcksek enflasyon geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra art\u0131k geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomilerin de sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda.<\/p>\n
K\u00fcresel tedarik zincirlerinde Kovid-19 kaynakl\u0131 s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131lar ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n zincirleme etkilerinin bir araya gelmesiyle enerji, emtia, g\u0131da ve temel ihtiya\u00e7 maddelerinin fiyatlar\u0131 artt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Enerjiden g\u0131daya son d\u00f6nemde h\u0131zlanan fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131, t\u00fcketicilerin ya\u015fam maliyetini art\u0131r\u0131rken, b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomilerin \u00e7o\u011funda enflasyonun tarihi seviyelere \u00e7\u0131kmas\u0131na neden oldu.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki Avro B\u00f6lgesi’nde y\u0131ll\u0131k enflasyon, enerji fiyatlar\u0131ndaki y\u00fckseli\u015fin etkisiyle a\u011fustosta y\u00fczde 9,1’e \u00e7\u0131karak rekor k\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Salg\u0131n\u0131n neden oldu\u011fu ekonomik \u015fokun ard\u0131ndan \u00fclkeler toparlanmalar\u0131n\u0131 s\u00fcrd\u00fcr\u00fcrken, Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131yla ivme kazanan enflasyon ve resesyon endi\u015feleri ekonomilerin en \u00f6nemli konu ba\u015fl\u0131klar\u0131 haline geldi.<\/p>\n
\u00dclkelerin salg\u0131n nedeniyle para musluklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7mas\u0131 sonucu enflasyonist bask\u0131lar\u0131n artmas\u0131 ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131n\u0131n enflasyonda yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc bask\u0131lar\u0131 yo\u011funla\u015ft\u0131rmas\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 para politikas\u0131na d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015f ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015fa ili\u015fkin endi\u015feler, enerji ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131 \u00fczerinde yukar\u0131 y\u00f6nl\u00fc bask\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcrmesine neden olurken, h\u00fck\u00fcmetler y\u00fcksek enflasyondan etkilenen t\u00fcketici ve \u015firketlere destek i\u00e7in \u00e7e\u015fitli tedbirleri hayata ge\u00e7irmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
– Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131<\/p>\n
D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi ABD’de \u00f6zellikle enerji ve g\u0131da fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n etkisiyle enflasyon 41 y\u0131l\u0131n zirvesini g\u00f6rd\u00fc. ABD y\u00f6netimi, \u00f6zellikle benzin fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f\u0131n enflasyonun \u00f6nemli bir b\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcn\u00fc olu\u015fturdu\u011funu savunarak benzin fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye y\u00f6nelik \u00f6nlemlerle enflasyonla m\u00fccadeleye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Joe Biden, mart ay\u0131nda \u00fclkenin stratejik petrol rezervinden 6 ay i\u00e7inde g\u00fcnde 1 milyon varil, toplamda ise 180 milyon varilin \u00fczerinde petrol\u00fcn piyasaya s\u00fcr\u00fclmesine izin verdi.<\/p>\n
Biden, a\u011fustos ay\u0131nda ise enflasyonun d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine y\u00f6nelik kapsaml\u0131 sa\u011fl\u0131k, iklim ve vergi d\u00fczenlemelerini i\u00e7eren yasay\u0131 imzalad\u0131.<\/p>\n
ABD tarihinin en b\u00fcy\u00fck “iklim paketi” olarak da g\u00f6r\u00fclen “Enflasyonu D\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrme Yasas\u0131” ile sera gaz\u0131 emisyonunun azalt\u0131lmas\u0131 ve t\u00fcketicilerin ye\u015fil enerjiye y\u00f6nlendirilmesi, re\u00e7eteli ila\u00e7 maliyetlerinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ve \u015firketler ile zenginler i\u00e7in vergi uygulamalar\u0131n\u0131n s\u0131k\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 ama\u00e7land\u0131.<\/p>\n
Enflasyonu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrmeye yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmas\u0131 beklenen yasa kapsam\u0131nda, yeni vergi d\u00fczenlemeleri ve re\u00e7eteli ila\u00e7 fiyatland\u0131rma reformuyla gelecek 10 y\u0131lda 739 milyar dolarl\u0131k gelir sa\u011flanmas\u0131 ve 433 milyar dolarl\u0131k harcama yap\u0131lmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
Biden, \u00f6\u011frenci kredisi geri \u00f6demelerini son kez 31 Aral\u0131k’a kadar erteleme karar\u0131 al\u0131rken, y\u0131ll\u0131k 125 bin dolar\u0131n alt\u0131nda geliri olan ki\u015filerin bor\u00e7lar\u0131nda 20 bin dolara kadar af uygulayacaklar\u0131n\u0131 duyurdu.<\/p>\n
Amerika k\u0131tas\u0131n\u0131n bir di\u011fer b\u00fcy\u00fck ekonomisi Kanada, y\u00fcksek enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli ailelere destek amac\u0131yla 4,5 milyar Kanada dolar\u0131 (3,4 milyar dolar) tutar\u0131nda \u00f6nlem paketi a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu pakette, d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli aileler i\u00e7in vergi indirimi ve bir kereye mahsus kira deste\u011fi yer ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Meksika h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, enflasyonla m\u00fccadele i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 575 milyar peso (28,7 milyar dolar) kaynak ay\u0131rd\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu kayna\u011f\u0131n 430 milyar pesosu ile benzin fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcbvanse edilece\u011fi bildirildi.<\/p>\n
Brezilya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti ise temmuz ay\u0131nda akaryak\u0131t vergilerinde indirime, sosyal yard\u0131m \u00f6demelerinde ise art\u0131\u015fa gitti. Brezilya’n\u0131n petrol \u015firketi Petrobras, bu ay rafineri benzin fiyatlar\u0131nda y\u00fczde 7’lik indirime gidece\u011fini duyurdu.<\/p>\n
\u015eili h\u00fck\u00fcmeti de y\u00fckselen enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda temmuz ay\u0131nda 1,2 milyar dolarl\u0131k destek plan\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. S\u00f6z konusu planda, ikramiyeler ve \u00e7al\u0131\u015fanlara y\u00f6nelik devlet yard\u0131mlar\u0131 yer al\u0131rken, yeni do\u011fan bebekler i\u00e7in sa\u011flanan yard\u0131m ile kay\u0131tl\u0131 istihdam\u0131 art\u0131rmaya y\u00f6nelik bir program\u0131n i\u00e7eri\u011fi de geni\u015fletildi.<\/p>\n
– Avrupa<\/p>\n
Avrupa’da h\u00fck\u00fcmetler, Kovid-19 salg\u0131n\u0131 ve Rusya-Ukrayna sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 artan enerji fiyat\u0131 gibi nedenlerle son y\u0131llarda y\u00fckselen enflasyonla m\u00fccadele ediyor.<\/p>\n
Y\u00fcksek enflasyona kar\u015f\u0131 Avrupa Merkez Bankas\u0131 (ECB) 11 y\u0131l sonra ilk faiz art\u0131r\u0131m\u0131na giderken, Avrupa Birli\u011fi’ne (AB) \u00fcye \u00fclkeler de enflasyonu yukar\u0131 bask\u0131layan enerji fiyatlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 \u00f6zel tedbirler almaya ba\u015flad\u0131<\/p>\n
Bu kapsamda, AB komisyonu, t\u00fcketicilerin artan ya\u015fam maliyetleriyle m\u00fccadelesini desteklemek i\u00e7in enerji \u015firketlerinden 140 milyar avro toplayacak.<\/p>\n
AB Komisyonu’nun 15 Eyl\u00fcl’de a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131\u011f\u0131 acil durum plan\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck maliyetli elektrik \u00fcreticilerinin gelirlerinin s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, fosil yak\u0131t firmalar\u0131ndan katk\u0131 al\u0131nmas\u0131n\u0131, elektrik talebinin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesini ve enerji \u015firketlerine likidite sa\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 i\u00e7eriyordu. Buradan sa\u011flanacak 140 milyar avro kaynakla halk ve i\u015fletmelere destek olunmas\u0131 \u00f6ng\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor.<\/p>\n
AB b\u00fcnyesinde \u00fclkeler de \u00f6zel tedbirler almaya ba\u015flarken, Macaristan’da h\u00fck\u00fbmet, 17 Eyl\u00fcl’de t\u00fcketicileri artan fiyatlardan korumak i\u00e7in akaryak\u0131t ve temel g\u0131da \u00fcr\u00fcnlerine y\u00f6nelik 15 Kas\u0131m 2021’de y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren tavan fiyat uygulamas\u0131n\u0131n s\u00fcresini y\u0131l sonuna kadar uzatt\u0131. Yakacak odun temin edilmesi i\u00e7in a\u011fa\u00e7 kesme d\u00fczenlemeleri gev\u015fetildi.<\/p>\n
Fransa’da elektrik fiyat art\u0131\u015f\u0131 y\u0131l sonuna kadar y\u00fczde 4’le s\u0131n\u0131rland\u0131r\u0131l\u0131rken, 2023’te elektrik ve gaz fiyatlar\u0131ndaki art\u0131\u015f y\u00fczde 15’de \u00e7\u0131kar\u0131ld\u0131. Fransa Ulusal Meclisi, ge\u00e7en ay, emeklilik maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ve sosyal yard\u0131mlar\u0131 art\u0131rmay\u0131 ve kira art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 ask\u0131ya almay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan 20 milyar avroluk yasa tasar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti.<\/p>\n
\u0130talya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 16 Eyl\u00fcl’de y\u00fckselen enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n \u015firketler \u00fczerindeki etkisini azaltmay\u0131 ama\u00e7layan 14 milyar avroluk yeni paketi onaylad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Sava\u015f \u00f6ncesi Rusya ile \u00e7ok yak\u0131n enerji ba\u011flar\u0131 bulunan ve enerjide Rus kaynaklar\u0131na ba\u011f\u0131ml\u0131 Almanya’da h\u00fck\u00fcmet, g\u0131da ve akaryak\u0131t alan\u0131ndaki rekor fiyatlar enflasyon kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda gelirleri eriyen hane halklar\u0131n\u0131 zor durumda b\u0131rakmas\u0131ndan ard\u0131ndan tedbirleri art\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n
Alman h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, bu y\u0131l artan enerji fiyatlar\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda vatanda\u015flar\u0131na yard\u0131mc\u0131 olmak i\u00e7in 30 milyar avroluk iki yard\u0131m paketinin ard\u0131ndan 65 milyar avroluk bir paket daha haz\u0131rlad\u0131. Artan enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n vatanda\u015flara yans\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 azaltmak i\u00e7in vergi m\u00fckellefi her \u00e7al\u0131\u015fana bir defaya mahsus 300 avro \u00f6deme yapma karar\u0131 al\u0131nd\u0131. H\u00fck\u00fcmet, Avrupa’y\u0131 saran enerji krizi s\u00fcrecinde Finlandiya kamu \u015firketi Fortum’un \u00e7o\u011funluk hissesine sahip oldu\u011fu Uniper’in kamula\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 da de\u011ferlendirmeye ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
Polonya h\u00fck\u00fcmeti, 2023’te haneler taraf\u0131ndan t\u00fcketilen elektrikte ilk 2000 kilovatsaatin fiyat\u0131n\u0131 dondurmay\u0131 planlarken, enerji maliyetlerini azalt\u0131p hane halk\u0131n\u0131 ve \u015firketleri desteklemek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 6,5 milyar dolar harcama karar\u0131 ald\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca h\u00fck\u00fcmet, y\u00fczde 16,1’lik y\u00fcksek enflasyon sonras\u0131, asgari \u00fccreti de 2023’de vergi \u00f6ncesi 640 avrodan 763 avroya \u00e7\u0131karma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n
AB D\u00f6nem Ba\u015fkan\u0131 \u00c7ekya, k\u0131tada artan enerji fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131 s\u0131k s\u0131k masaya getirirken, gelecek y\u0131l elektrik ve gaz fiyatlar\u0131na \u00fcst s\u0131n\u0131r uygulayacak.<\/p>\n
Yeni h\u00fck\u00fcmete sahip \u0130ngiltere ise 1 Ekim’den itibaren hane halk\u0131n\u0131n enerji faturalar\u0131n\u0131n toplam\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131ll\u0131k en fazla 2 bin 500 sterlin olacak \u015fekilde iki y\u0131l boyunca sabit tutacak. \u0130ngiltere’de uzmanlar, h\u00fck\u00fcmeti hane halk\u0131n\u0131n enerji faturalar\u0131na yapaca\u011f\u0131 deste\u011fi finanse edebilmek i\u00e7in yakla\u015f\u0131k 100 milyar sterlin seviyesinde bor\u00e7lanmaya gitmeyi planlad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtiyor.<\/p>\n
Portekiz’de h\u00fck\u00fcmet, enerji krizine ve y\u00fcksek enflasyona kar\u015f\u0131 \u015firketlere yard\u0131m i\u00e7in 1 milyar 400 milyon avroluk yard\u0131m paketi haz\u0131rlarken, \u00fclkede elektrik te KDV oranlar\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n
\u0130spanya’da do\u011fal gazda KDV’nin ekim ay\u0131ndan itibaren y\u00fczde 21’den y\u00fczde 5’e d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcr\u00fclmesine karar verildi. Elektrik \u00fcretiminde kullan\u0131lan do\u011fal gaza tavan fiyat getirildi.<\/p>\n
\u0130sve\u00e7 ve Finlandiya, y\u00fcksek fiyatlar nedeniyle likidite s\u0131k\u0131nt\u0131s\u0131 ya\u015fayacak, enerji \u015firketlerine likidite garantisi sunacaklar\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.<\/p>\n
Bel\u00e7ika’da yoksullara y\u00f6nelik sosyal enerji tarifelerinin s\u00fcresi uzat\u0131l\u0131rken, evini kalorifer yak\u0131t\u0131 ile \u0131s\u0131tanlara 225 avro ve elektrik faturalar\u0131na katk\u0131 i\u00e7in abonelere 100 avroluk katk\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Elektrik ve do\u011fal gazda y\u00fczde 6’l\u0131k indirimli KDV ile kalorifer yak\u0131t\u0131 deste\u011fi 2023 y\u0131l\u0131 mart ay\u0131 sonuna kadar uzat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Danimarka, kira fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n a\u015f\u0131r\u0131 derecede artmas\u0131n\u0131 engellemek i\u00e7in gelecek y\u0131l i\u00e7in kira art\u0131\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 y\u00fczde 4 ile s\u0131n\u0131rlad\u0131.<\/p>\n
– Asya<\/p>\n
Asya’da da artan enerji fiyatlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 h\u00fck\u00fcmetler \u00f6nlem almaya ba\u015flad\u0131. Tayland’da 13 Eyl\u00fcl’de akaryak\u0131tta vergi indirimine gidilirken, asgari \u00fccrete y\u00fczde 5-8 aras\u0131nda zam yap\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
Hindistan’da yerel h\u00fck\u00fcmetler yakla\u015f\u0131k 13 milyar dolarl\u0131k yard\u0131m paketleri a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Ayr\u0131ca, h\u00fck\u00fcmet \u00fclkede \u00fcretilen enerji \u00fcr\u00fcnleri i\u00e7in farkl\u0131 fiyatland\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131na y\u00f6nelik \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar ba\u015flatt\u0131.<\/p>\n
Japonya’da saatlik asgari \u00fccretin d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli haneler i\u00e7in art\u0131r\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar devam ederken, h\u00fck\u00fcmetin gelecek ay enerji faturalar\u0131 i\u00e7in 100 milyar dolar \u00fczerinde bir yard\u0131m paketi sunmas\u0131 bekleniyor.<\/p>\n
Endonezya’da h\u00fck\u00fcmet g\u0131da enflasyonunu y\u00fczde 5’in alt\u0131nda tutmak i\u00e7in \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar yaparken, yak\u0131t s\u00fcbvansiyonlar\u0131na ve sosyal yard\u0131m harcamalar\u0131na ek kaynak ay\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n
Petrol fiyatlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u00fckselmesinden fayda sa\u011flayan Suudi Arabistan ve Birle\u015fik Arap Emirlikleri ise d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirli vatanda\u015flar\u0131n\u0131 artan ya\u015fam maliyetlerine kar\u015f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in kamu harcamalar\u0131n\u0131 art\u0131rma karar\u0131 ald\u0131.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Y\u00fcksek enflasyonun geli\u015fmekte olan \u00fclkelerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra geli\u015fmi\u015f ekonomilerin de sorunlar\u0131n\u0131n ilk s\u0131ras\u0131nda yer almas\u0131, h\u00fck\u00fcmetleri fiyat art\u0131\u015flar\u0131ndan en \u00e7ok etkilenen d\u00fc\u015f\u00fck gelirlilere y\u00f6nelik tedbir almaya zorluyor.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":9,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"jnews-multi-image_gallery":[],"jnews_single_post":{"source_name":"","source_url":"","via_name":"","via_url":"","override_template":"0","override":[{"template":"2","single_blog_custom":"","parallax":"1","fullscreen":"1","layout":"right-sidebar","sidebar":"default-sidebar","second_sidebar":"default-sidebar","sticky_sidebar":"0","share_position":"hide","share_float_style":"share-monocrhome","show_share_counter":"1","show_view_counter":"1","show_featured":"1","show_post_meta":"1","show_post_author":"1","show_post_author_image":"1","show_post_date":"1","post_date_format":"default","post_date_format_custom":"Y\/m\/d","show_post_category":"0","show_post_reading_time":"1","post_reading_time_wpm":"300","show_zoom_button":"0","zoom_button_out_step":"2","zoom_button_in_step":"3","show_post_tag":"1","show_prev_next_post":"0","show_popup_post":"0","number_popup_post":"2","show_author_box":"0","show_post_related":"1","show_inline_post_related":"0"}],"override_image_size":"0","image_override":[{"single_post_thumbnail_size":"no-crop","single_post_gallery_size":"crop-715"}],"trending_post":"0","trending_post_position":"meta","trending_post_label":"Trending","sponsored_post":"0","sponsored_post_label":"Sponsored by","sponsored_post_name":"","sponsored_post_url":"","sponsored_post_logo_enable":"0","sponsored_post_logo":"","sponsored_post_desc":"","disable_ad":"0"},"jnews_primary_category":{"id":""},"footnotes":""},"categories":[3],"tags":[],"coauthors":[92],"class_list":["post-93106","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","hentry","category-ekonomi"],"yoast_head":"\n